How are EV Tyres different to regular car tyres?
Despite their external similarities, internal combustion engine vehicles and electric vehicles require distinct tyre types. Manufacturers design the internal composition of the tyres to cater to the specific demands of two different kinds of vehicle.
The tyre-vehicle relationship is comparable to a runner's relationship with their running shoes. Specialised running shoes with customised support for your feet, weight, and running style, would improve your running power and efficiency; running in sandals would likely cause damage to both your feet and shoes.
Tyres, the shoes of a car, do the same thing. They improve the power and efficiency of your vehicle if chosen correctly.
Everything you need to know about electric vehicle tyres:
EVs tyres have a higher load index
EVs tend to be heavier than gasoline-powered vehicles due to the battery pack weight. For example, Ford's F-150 Lightning¹ weighs 725kgs more than a conventional F-150. This additional weight increases the resistance on the vehicle and puts more stress on the tyres.
What's more, when an EV accelerates, you immediately use 100% of the vehicle's power, creating a sharper, more intense weight transfer. As such, tyres must fully withstand this power without slipping or pulling.
Similar to how runners require different shoes based on their weight and running style, EV tyres have a significantly higher load index than conventional tyres to compensate for the extra weight, especially when changing directions.
To do so, EV tyres have a reinforced, high-stiffness tread material with more than 30% higher wear resistance² than the tyres of current internal combustion engines. They are also equipped with increased abrasion resistance technology.
EVs tyres are manufactured to reduce rolling resistance.
Fuel efficiency and mileage on a single charge are crucial for electric vehicles. With that in mind, manufacturers design EV tyres to actively reduce rolling resistance, which in turn leads to less energy loss and better battery efficiency. For example, a slight reduction of 1.0 in rolling resistance rating can result in a significant 5% increase³ in driving range for an electric vehicle.
During the manufacturing process, a number of different techniques can be used to achieve a lower rolling resistance, such as the rubber compound used in the sidewall rubber or inner liner, and applying rigid design patterns, tyre profiles and structures. Additionally, the high-stiffness material used to counteract the increased vehicle weight also helps optimise the tyre traction and reduce the rolling resistance.
Noise Reducing
EV powertrains are almost silent, so without engine sound, tyre friction noise that would be unnoticeable in a conventionally powered vehicle becomes significant at the same speed in an EV. Even the outside noise is louder. As such, manufacturers specifically design EV tyres with sound-absorbing materials giving you a smoother, more silent driving experience.
As seen above, as electric vehicles have evolved, also have the tyres. The lack of internal combustion allows for instant acceleration but also puts additional strain on the tyres. What’s more, compared to combustion cars, EVs have lower emissions and running costs. However, the consequence of the battery pack that allows this is a significant increase in weight.
Luckily manufacturers haven’t needed to reinvent the wheel to solve these issues. Instead, they created tyres with reinforced, high-stiffness tread material to combat the increased rolling resistance; higher load index to counteract the excess weight; and installed sound-absorbing materials for a smoother, quieter ride.
The result?
Studies have shown EV tyres have different traction characteristics than traditional tyres, especially in wet or slippery conditions. For example, some research has found that EV tyres may have better grip and handling in wet conditions due to the lower centre of gravity and better weight distribution of EVs.
Hankook, maker of the iON evo SUV has sponsored this explanation & overview of EV tyres & their unique challenges:
Overall, while more research is needed to understand EV tyres' traction performance fully, tyre manufacturers are working to develop tyres that provide optimal grip and handling for electric vehicles while balancing other vital factors such as energy efficiency and range.
One of our leading choices for EV tyres would be the Hankook iON evo AS.
Tyres are the only parts of a car that touch the ground. Therefore, it dramatically impacts ride comfort, handling, vibration, noise, and efficiency, which are essential elements of a vehicle's performance.
So, when it comes to electric vehicles (EVs), tyre manufacturers not only design EV tyres around performance parameters such as fuel efficiency, handling, and traction but on comfort and noise levels.
Reducing noise levels
One important aspect of the EV ownership experience is the serene in-car cabin experience. But, paradoxically, as EV powertrains are almost silent and without engine sound, tyre friction noise becomes significant in an EV.
To address this issue, tyre manufacturers began developing "Noise Reduction Tyres" designed to incorporate sound-absorbing materials giving you a smoother, more silent driving experience. The result is a noise reduction between 3db to 9db.
Several manufacturers of "Noise Reduction Tyres" implement sound-absorbing foam in the interior of their tyres to combat cavity noise. Each tyre manufacturer has their own marketing term and noise reduction claims, from Continental's ContiSilent⁴ to Pirelli's Noise Cancelling System⁵. Still,they all work similarly.
After the tyre has been cured in its mold, a thick layer of polyurethane foam insulation is adhered to the inner liner of the tyre, either as a continuous piece or comprised of several shorter sections. The foam then blocks the vibration of the tyre from being transmitted through the wheel into the car's interior.
Improving the ride comfort
EV tyre manufacturers also focus on developing tyres to absorb road shocks and vibrations to provide a more comfortable ride. The previously mentioned polyurethane foam not only acts as a sound barrier for passengers but also reduces the vibrations coming from the road surface, increasing the perceived "smoothness" of the drive.
Another way tyre manufacturers improve ride comfort is by reducing tyre weight. Lighter tyres improve fuel efficiency and are easier to handle, but they can also be more comfortable to drive. Michelin has developed a new range of EV tyres called the "e-Primacy," which are up to 25% lighter than traditional tyres and can improve ride comfort and reduce road noise.
In addition to weight and construction, tyre manufacturers are exploring new tread designs that can provide better grip and handling while reducing noise levels. For example, Bridgestone⁶ has developed a unique tread design that combines 3D sipes and block edges to improve wet and dry grip while decreasing road noise.
EV tyres have a tricky brief. They must be strong yet lightweight, efficient yet affordable and, of course, long-lasting. Not to mention quiet and comfortable. The upside is that tyre manufacturers are taking a comprehensive approach to develop tyres for electric vehicles (EVs), focusing on meeting drivers' demands regarding performance, safety, comfort, and noise reduction.
As EV vehicles become increasingly popular, we can look forward to seeing continuous improvements in EV tyre technology, resulting in even more comfortable and quieter rides for EV drivers.
Switching to an electric vehicle has a spectrum of benefits. In addition to being environmentally friendly, they reduce fuel expenses and eliminate some maintenance concerns.
However, as Hyundai⁷ found, generally, EV tyres wear out faster than regular tyres. Electric vehicles' tyres wear 20% faster than those of internal combustion engines due to the acceleration of electric cars that generate strong, instantaneous power and the significant weight of the vehicle's battery pack.
Battery pack weight
EVs tend to be heavier than gasoline-powered vehicles due to the battery pack weight. For example, Ford's F-150 Lightning⁸ weighs 725kgs more than a conventional F-150. This additional weight increases the resistance on the vehicle and puts more stress on the tyres.
EVs tend to have instant torque.
When an EV accelerates, you use 100% of the vehicle's power instantaneously. Even with electric cars with a low price point, you'll see them turn instantly at high speeds. There are no delays for driveshafts, gears or internal combustion engines to attain maximum torque.
The downside is that it creates a sharper, more intense weight transfer. As a result, this acceleration can cause more friction and stress on the tyres, particularly when starting from a standstill or making sudden stops.
However, while it's true that you'll likely have to replace your EV tyres more regularly, this is often mitigated by the maintenance upsides of EVs.
The reduced number of moving parts in electric cars translates to significant cost savings regarding general wear and tear. Maintenance tasks such as oil changes, drive belt and spark plug replacements, and gasket replacements are no longer necessary.
What's more, according to Napa⁹, the lifespan of EV braking systems can be up to double that of traditional, gasoline-powered vehicles. This is because electric cars employ regenerative braking, which converts the vehicle's kinetic energy into a decelerating force. The car can then store this same energy for later use. Consequently, the brakes undergo less wear and tear, providing more stopping power.
When deciding whether an electric vehicle or EV tyres are right for you, it's essential to note negatives like wear and tear to other factors like driving habits, overall vehicle maintenance and fuel economy.
EV tyre FAQ's
We recommend special tyres for Electric vehicles (EVs) due to increased vehicle weight, battery range and noticeable tyre noise. As such, there are a few items to consider when choosing tyres for an EV.
Higher tyre load index
Electric cars tend to be significantly heavier than gasoline-powered vehicles due to the weight of the battery pack. Additionally, when an EV accelerates, you immediately use 100% of the vehicle's power, creating a sharper, more intense weight transfer. As a result, you naturally have a longer breaking distance that the tyres need to be able to support without compromising on safety, durability, or handling.
Lower rolling resistance
Due to electric vehicles' increased weight and instant torque, their tyres experience more significant wear and tear. As a result, it is necessary to use tyres with more durable constructions and robust rubber compounds to withstand these demands.
Tyres with lower rolling resistance can help improve the vehicle's electrical consumption and an EV's range.
Most tyre manufacturers have started producing tyres designed explicitly for EVs, with low rolling resistance, high load-carrying capacity, and low noise levels. For example, Michelin has the Michelin ePrimacy tyres, designed to improve the vehicle's rolling resistance by an estimated 7%. These tyres may be a good option for EV owners who want to optimise their vehicle's performance and efficiency.
Low noise tyres
EV powertrains are almost silent, so in the absence of engine sound, tyre noise that could be unnoticeable in a conventionally powered vehicle becomes significant at the same speed in an EV. Having lower-noise tyres gives you a smoother, more silent driving experience.
Electric company car tyres are, on average, both bigger and more expensive than petrol or diesel equivalents, according to new data from Epyx.
The company says that the average replacement tyre fitted to an electric vehicle (EV¹⁰) is 18.59 inches and costs $380, while for internal combustion engine (ICE) cars, the corresponding figures are 17.40 inches and $238.
The price increase is due to several reasons:
- EV tyres tend to have a higher load index: EVs require tyres with heavier-duty tyre constructions due to the weight of the battery pack, increasing stress on the tyres. The higher load index tyres tend to be more expensive than those used for lighter vehicles.
- Specific tyre sizes and designs: EVs often require unique tyre sizes or designs that are less common and may be more expensive to produce or less readily available, which can increase the cost of the tyres.
- EV tyres require special features: EV tyres are fitted with unique features such as low rolling resistance to help improve the vehicle's efficiency and range. The downside is that these features also contribute to a higher price tag.
The tyres of electric vehicles wear 20% faster than those of internal combustion engines¹¹ due to a few factors:
- Battery pack weight: EVs tend to be heavier than gasoline-powered vehicles due to the battery pack weight. This additional weight can put more stress on the tyres and cause them to wear out faster.
- EVs tend to have instant torque: When an EV accelerates, you immediately use 100% of the vehicle's power, creating a sharper, more intense weight transfer. As a result, this acceleration can cause more friction and stress on the tyres, particularly when starting from a standstill or making sudden stops.
However, it's important to note that tyre wear can also depend on factors such as driving habits, road conditions, tyre maintenance, and the type of tyre. You must know the repair schedule for your specific EV's make and model to get the most out of your EV tyres. For example, regularly rotating your tyres at least every six months helps them last longer.
The tyre rotation frequency for electric vehicles (EVs) is similar to that of traditional gasoline-powered cars, typically every 8,000 to 12,000 kilometres.
However, following the manufacturer's recommendations and accounting for any unique tyre requirements of your specific EV make and model is essential. For example, some EV tyres are directional tyres that can only rotate in one direction. In such cases, it may not be possible to rotate the tyres in the traditional "X" pattern, and instead, they may need to be rotated front to back or side to side.
Chat with your local JAX mechanic on how often and the best way to rotate your tyres.
You can typically repair an Electric vehicle (EV) tyre if the puncture or damage is located on the tread area and is no larger than ¼ inch in diameter.
However, EVs increasingly no longer come with spare tyres due to space and weight considerations. Some EVs may also have unique tyre sizes or designs that may not be repairable or require a special repair kit. As such, before attempting to repair your EV tyre, we recommend that you call your breakdown provider to review the options. Some companies may not cover you if you have tried a DIY repair. Alternatively, if you have a Logbook or Peace of Mind service with JAX, you can call JAX Roadside Assistance for help.
Increasingly, EVs no longer come with spare tyres due to space and weight considerations. However, it varies depending on the manufacturer and model. Some EVs like the Audi e-Tron, come with a spare tyre, while others like Tesla Model 3 or Kia EV6 may just come with a tyre inflation kit or no spare at all.
Besides the extra weight reducing the vehicle's efficiency and range, it's become increasingly difficult to get enough physical clearance over the brake to fit a spare wheel.
In place of a spare tyre, there are collapsible or space-saver tyres or a tyre inflation kit that includes a sealant and an air compressor. You can use this kit to temporarily repair a punctured tyre, allowing the driver to drive safely to a service centre for a more permanent repair.
EV Article References
- Tech: Why Don’t Tires Last as Long on an EV? | Clean Fleet Report
2. What Makes EV Tires Different from Regular Tires (hyundaimotorgroup.com)
3. What Makes EV Tires Different from Regular Tires (hyundaimotorgroup.com)
4. ContiSilent™ (continental-tires.com)
5. Pirelli Enjoys Growing Demand for PNCS - Tire Review Magazine
6. Bridgestone Reveals Tyre Portfolio Transformation to Tackle Greatest EV Challenges (bridgestone-emea.com)
7. What Makes EV Tires Different from Regular Tires (hyundaimotorgroup.com)
8. Tech: Why Don’t Tires Last as Long on an EV? | Clean Fleet Report
9. The Latest in EV Brake Technology » NAPA Blog (napaonline.com)
10. Companies List - GlobalData
11. What Makes EV Tires Different from Regular Tires (hyundaimotorgroup.com)
12. World's First EV-Only Tyre Rolls into JAX (Aftermarket.com)
