Timing belts, also known as cambelts, play a crucial role in how internal combustion engines work and are responsible for keeping many moving components operating in perfect synchronisation. A bad timing belt on the other hand, can cause catastrophic engine failure and costly repairs.
This article will examine how your timing belt or cambelt works. We’ll also discuss the signs of a bad timing belt, when it needs changing and the dangers of neglecting your belt.
What is a timing belt?
A timing belt is a toothed belt located in the front of the engine that coordinates the combustion cycle of the engine by connecting the camshafts and crankshaft wheels. The crankshaft rotates with the movements of the pistons, while the camshaft controls the movement of the intake and exhaust valves. Essentially, your timing belt is a crucial component responsible for keeping your engine synchronised.
A timing belt is typically reinforced rubber or synthetic rubbers like neoprene, polyurethane, or highly saturated nitrile, with high-tensile strength reinforcing cords made of Kevla, polyester, or fibreglass. Timing belts have trapezoidal or curvilinear teeth that are cut into one side. These teeth are specifically shaped and sized to connect perfecting with the pulleys on the crankshaft and camshaft.
How does a timing belt work?
The timing belt connects the camshaft and crankshaft sprockets and works by synchronising the rotation of the camshaft and crankshaft in an engine. The camshaft controls the engine's valves, allowing air and fuel to enter and exit the cylinders and exhaust gases out. Simultaneously, the crankshaft powers the engine and keeps everything moving by converting the piston's linear motion into a rotational motion.
As the crankshaft rotates, the timing belt turns the camshaft at a specific ratio, ensuring that the valves open and close at precisely the right time. This is critical for correct engine operation, as the timing of the valves determines when the fuel is injected and ignited and when exhaust gases are expelled. Without a timing belt, the camshaft and crankshaft would not be properly synchronised, leading to poor engine performance or possibly even engine failure.
The timing belt is under constant tension from the rotating components it connects. As a result, it is subject to wear and tear and can eventually break. If the timing belt breaks, the engine will stop running and can be severely damaged, as the valves will be out of sync with the pistons.
The recommended service interval for timing belts varies depending on the make and model of the vehicle, as well as the type of engine. As a general guideline, timing belts are typically replaced every 90,000 to 160,000 kilometres or every 5 to 7 years, whichever comes first. However, it's essential to consult your vehicle's owner's manual or check with a qualified mechanic for the manufacturer's specific recommendations for your particular vehicle. If unsure, chat with your local JAX expert for professional advice.
enerally, timing belts can last between 90,000 to 160,000 kilometres, but this can vary depending on the make, model and your vehicle's engine type.
We recommend checking your vehicle's owner's manual or consulting with a qualified mechanic to determine the specific lifespan of the timing belt for your car. Various factors such as driving conditions, proper maintenance schedule and driving habits also influence the lifespan of a timing belt.
Several signs may indicate it's time to replace your timing belt. Some of the most common symptoms include:
- Engine misfire: Since the timing belt controls the action of the pistons within the engine if you've worn out the belt or they have come loose, they’ll move erratically, if at all. Engine misfiring is a sign of trouble that you should have checked as soon as possible; otherwise, you risk severe engine damage.
- Difficulty starting the engine: If you have trouble starting your engine or it takes several attempts, this could be a sign of a worn timing belt.
- Unusual engine noises: Since your timing belt is attached to a system of cams and pulleys, it creates clicking and ticking noises when something begins to fail. If you hear a ticking or rattling noise from your engine, it could be a sign that the timing belt is loose or damaged.
- Whining and squealing noise: The timing belt requires several pulleys to attach to the engine's crankshaft. So, when the timing belt runs out of oil or gets a tear, the friction produced will prevent the belt from working correctly. As a result, the belt exerts more power to keep working, creating whining and whistling sounds.
- Oil leaks: Over time, the series of nuts and bolts securing the timing belt may become loose, causing oil to leak. An oil leak may also occur when the gasket between the engine block and timing cover wears out or becomes cracked.
- Visible wear or damage: If you can see visible signs of wear or damage on the timing belt, such as cracks or fraying, it's time for you to have it replaced.
If you notice any of these signs, having your vehicle checked by a qualified mechanic is vital to determine if you need to replace the timing belt. It's also essential to keep up with the manufacturer's recommended maintenance schedule to prevent timing belt failure and avoid costly engine repairs.
If you continue driving with a damaged or worn timing belt, it can result in severe engine damage. If the timing belt breaks, the camshaft and crankshaft can become out of sync, causing the pistons to collide with the valves, potentially resulting in bent valves, damaged pistons, and other costly engine repairs. In some cases, a broken timing belt can even cause catastrophic engine failure, requiring a complete engine replacement.
We recommend replacing the water pump when you fix the timing belt. This is because the timing belt often drives the water pump, and both components are located in the same area of the engine. Replacing the water pump simultaneously with the timing belt can save on labour costs, as the same labour is required to access both components. Additionally, suppose the water pump is old or showing signs of wear. In that case, it's a good idea to replace it preventively to avoid potential future issues and additional repairs.
The most common cause of a bad timing belt is a lack of proper maintenance, which is essential for the longevity of a timing belt. Some tips for caring for your timing belt include:
- Follow the manufacturer's recommended maintenance schedule: The timing belt replacement interval varies depending on the make and model of your vehicle, so be sure to follow the manufacturer's recommended schedule.
- Inspect the timing belt regularly: Check for damaged or worn pulleys, debris in the timing pulley, under-tensioned belt or excessive load. Have the timing belt routinely inspected by a qualified mechanic, especially if you notice any of these signs can reduce costly repairs.
- Check for misalignment: misalignment is one of the leading causes of timing belt failure. Excessive or uneven tooth wear and improper belt tracking can all be attributed to misalignment. You can increase your timing belt's lifespan by checking the alignment of your shafts and pulleys.
- Replace the timing belt on time: Don't wait until the timing belt breaks or fails to replace it. Replace it at the recommended interval, even if it looks in good condition.
- Replace other components: When replacing the timing belt, it's a good idea also to replace the water pump, tensioner, and other related parts.
Avoid extreme driving conditions: High temperatures, dusty environments, and stop-and-go traffic can all accelerate the wear of the timing belt, so try to avoid these conditions whenever possible. - Don't ignore warning signs: If you notice any warning signs of a worn or damaged timing belt, such as engine misfires, difficulty starting, or unusual engine noises, have it inspected immediately.
Use quality parts: Use high-quality timing belts and related components to ensure the best possible performance and longevity.
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